The sea has always been a source of life, movement, and opportunity. It connects continents, cultures, and people – yet it is also a place where interests collide, borders are tested, and power is exercised. The theme “The Sea as a Space for Cooperation and Conflict” opens up a multifaceted exploration of how this blue landscape both unites and divides.
Historically, the seas have been stages for wars, colonial expansion, and territorial disputes. Even today, we see nations making claims over maritime areas, fisheries creating tensions, and naval presence being used as strategic tools. At the same time, the sea is a space where cooperation is both necessary and possible. International agreements on marine environments, joint efforts to protect ecosystems, and collaboration in shipping and research demonstrate that the sea can also serve as a bridge between nations. Initiatives such as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and regional cooperation in the Baltic Sea illustrate how shared challenges can lead to shared solutions.
Choosing The Sea as a Space for Cooperation and Conflict as the theme for next year’s Kastelholm Talks is both timely and important. It allows for discussions on sustainability, politics, history, biology, economics, and ethics – and it engages both young people and adults in issues that shape our future. The sea is not only a physical space but also a symbol of our ability to navigate between opposing interests and find ways forward together.
The Kastelholm Talks are an annual peace event organised by the Åland Islands Peace Institute since 2014. The discussions take place at the historic Kastelholm Castle and are held under the patronage of former President of Finland Tarja Halonen, who often participates in person. The purpose is to create a platform for reflection and dialogue on peace, security, and societal development – with both Nordic and international perspectives.
The Kastelholm Peace Talks will be held the 19th of March 2026.